Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an active, skill-focused treatment demonstrated by research to be effective for a range of concerns in youth and adults, including anxiety. It focuses on how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact. CBT involves learning how to recognize and tolerate uncomfortable emotions, identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts, and master behavioral techniques. For anxiety, a key part of CBT is exposure therapy, or learning to gradually face fears. CBT is short-term and goal-oriented, designed to develop skills through practice in and out of session.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a type of CBT demonstrated to be effective for treating OCD. It involves learning to face anxiety-triggering situations while preventing the rituals or compulsions typically used to relieve that anxiety. Working collaboratively with a therapist, individuals develop a hierarchy of feared situations, progressively facing and overcoming them. Through this gradual exposure, individuals learn to tolerate the anxiety and discomfort triggered by OCD, breaking the cycle of obsessions and compulsions. 

Habit Reversal Training (HRT) is an evidence-based therapy used for body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as hair-pulling and skin-picking, as well as tic disorders. HRT involves several key components, including awareness training (increasing awareness of the unwanted target behavior and its related triggers), competing response training (developing alternative behaviors that disrupt the target behavior), and engaging social supports. The goal of HRT is to gain control over these repetitive, involuntary behaviors and improve quality of life.

Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) is an evidence-based approach to help parents manage challenging behaviors. It focuses on parents as the agent of change for their child's behaviors, not because the child's behavior is their fault, but because they are the most influential and important person in that child's life. It focuses on teaching parents effective strategies, such as clear expectations, effective communication, consistent consequences, and problem-solving skills, to promote positive behaviors, reduce problematic ones, and strengthen the parent-child relationship.